Anhang 9 STANAG 4370 - AECTP-230 LEAFLET 2311_1.pdf

AECTP-230 (Edition 1) LEAFLET 2311/1

LEAFLET 2311/1

CLIMATIC CATEGORIES AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SCOPE.......................................................................................................................................138

1.1 PURPOSE...................................................................................................................138

1.2 APPLICATION.............................................................................................................138

1.3 LIMITATIONS..............................................................................................................138

1.4 USER INFORMATION................................................................................................139

2 CLIMATIC CATEGORY LOCATION MAPS...................................................................141

2.1 MAP 1 CLIMATIC CATEGORIES: EXTREME HOT DRY A1, HOT DRY A2 & INTERMEDIATE A3.................................................................................................................142

2.2 MAP 2 CLIMATIC CATEGORIES: WET WARM B1, WET HOT B2 & HUMID HOT COASTAL DESERT B3...........................................................................................................143

2.3 MAP 3 CLIMATIC CATEGORIES: MILD COLD C0, INTERMEDIATE COLD C1, SEVERE COLD C3 & EXTREME COLD C4...........................................................................144

AECTP-230 (Edition 1) LEAFLET 2311/1

LEAFLET 2311/1 – CLIMATIC CATEGORIES AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

1 SCOPE

This leaflet provides information on the general purpose, application and limitations of Leaflet 2311/1 and provides additional user guidance.

1.1 Purpose

To facilitate the discussion of ambient air temperatures and humidities, eleven climatic categories have been chosen to represent the distinctive types of climate to be found at the land surfaces of the world, and a further three have been selected to describe the conditions at the sea surface.

1.2 Application

a. For materiel located on the land surfaces, the requirements documents should specify a set of conditions from the high temperature categories (A1, A2 or A3), the low temperature categories (C0, C1, C2, C3 or C4) and where high humidity is the principal consideration; one from categories (B1, B2, or B3) should also be selected.

b. If real data is not available for the materiel when exposed to solar radiation, it is more appropriate to use Leaflet 2310/1 for induced Climatic Environments rather than natural meteorological temperature.

c. For the bulk sea surface, it is common for all three ‘M’ categories to be specified as ships may enter tropical, temperate and arctic waters during service. For coastal waters it is more appropriate to specify the corresponding land service category.

d. Consideration should be given to the combination of ambient temperatures and their associated humidity to which the materiel will be exposed.

1.3 Limitations

a. The geographical areas in Maps 1-3 in this leaflet are not intended to indicate that the climate at each and every location complies exactly with the annual distributions and diurnal cycles given in Leaflet 2311/2.

b. These maps are supplied for use as a guide only in the engineering and logistic decision making processes for a particular item of materiel to determine its required climatic design and performance criteria. If data applicable only to particular parts of an area are required, relevant meteorological authorities should be consulted. To avoid limitations in deployment, this approach should be used as infrequently as possible.

c. Use of this document is intended for initial design criteria. Once the materiel is in service, it is preferable to monitor actual conditions.

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d. It is considered impractical to attribute categories to specific sea areas, but as a general guide, M1 and M2 apply to regions that experience tropical or temperate conditions, while M3 is representative of arctic conditions.

1.4 User Information

a. Eight of the categories pertaining to the land surface (termed A1, A2, A3, C0, C1, C2, C3 and C4 respectively) are defined with temperature as the principal consideration while the remaining three (termed B1, B2 and B3 respectively) represent climates in which high humidity is accompanied by warm temperatures as the critical characteristic.

b. The locations to which these categories apply are shown in Maps 1-3.

c. For the sea surface, two categories (termed M1 and M3 respectively) are defined with temperature as the principal consideration while the third (termed M2) represents sea climates in which a warm temperature is accompanied by high humidity.

d. The upper and lower values of the cycles detailed in Leaflet 2311/2 are summarised in Table 2.

e. The “B” categories are defined in Table 1 using humidity (dew point) as well as temperature. The values available for a large number of stations were: T99 (99% temperature in the hottest month), T01 (1% temperature in the coldest month) and TDT 99 (the 99% dew point in the hottest month). TDT99 has been used as it was thought to be the best single discriminant for the B category humidity and it has the advantage that it can be calculated in the same way as T99 and applies to the same month. The table shows the criteria that were used to produce the area of each B climatic category.

f. In certain cases it may be necessary to consider another value TD99 (which is the 99% dew point for the wettest month).

g. Efforts should be made to use measured environmental data, especially for temperature and humidity when there is likely to be a temperature or humidity based failure mode.

AECTP-230 (Edition 1) LEAFLET 2311/1

Table 1. Definitions for the humid climatic categories

Notes These definitions are based on 3 or 6 hourly data from 1983-2001 for several thousand World Met Office (WMO) synoptic land stations worldwide. B1 definition: the criterion T01>17°C is necessary to restrict the area to the wet tropics. The “jungle” areas are covered quite well by Met stations such as the Congo and the Amazon Basin, although there is a lack of good stations in West and Central Africa and parts of Amazonia. Most small tropical islands are covered by T99, as it will be below 35°C where there is a sea breeze. B2 definition: is difficult to define as it is not obvious whether to emphasise the temperature or humidity and these may maximise in different months. Many tropical highlands particularly in Africa are not covered by the B categories. B2 stations were typically savannah areas surrounding the jungle regions and approached the A2 areas. This category may still need to be adjusted. B3 definition: the exact position of the station relative to the desert interior and the warm sea is critical. The land side is either A1 or A2, while small islands in the Persian Gulf may only be A3 or B2, e.g., Bahrain is A2. The Gulfs of Oman and Aden are B3 as well as the Persian Gulf and southern Red Sea littorals. The B3 areas are coastal and do not extend out into the sea regions.

AECTP-230 (Edition 1) LEAFLET 2311/1

Table 2 Summarised Temperature and Humidity Cycles World Wide.

2 CLIMATIC CATEGORY LOCATION MAPS

The climate location maps are shown over the following pages. Note that these only give an approximate indication of the climate zone boundaries and are there is no definite demarcation between the climate zones.

AECTP-230 (Edition 1) LEAFLET 2311/1

2.1 MAP 1 Climatic Categories: Extreme Hot Dry A1, Hot Dry A2 & Intermediate A3.

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2.2 MAP 2 Climatic Categories: Wet Warm B1, Wet Hot B2 & Humid Hot Coastal Desert B3.

B1 WET WARM

B2 WET HOT

B3 HUMID HOT COASTALDESERT

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2.3 MAP 3 Climatic Categories: Mild Cold C0, Intermediate Cold C1, Severe Cold C3 & Extreme Cold C4.

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